History of Hollywood

History of Hollywood Hollywood film is the most mainstream in the world.ÂÂ Hollywood affects the film of different nations, its no mystery that it was Hollywood motion pictures set in the style of numerous classes of film.ÂÂ They are definitive in the decision of subject, and in the determination of a group of on-screen characters, and in making the picture of the film for a promoting campaign.ÂÂ Today this industry despite everything directs design for motion pictures, each year it produces a great many movies. Furthermore, that is something! The old studio framework in Hollywood joined the creation of movies, their lease and a system of cinemas.ÂÂ This framework, which permitted major U.S. organizations to win national and global markets, known as the Golden Age of Hollywood. Film creation has two fundamental parts: the maker and his film team and services.ÂÂ Many of the significant studios of the world consolidate these procedures under one rooftop: for instance the renowned Seven contemplative in Hollywood Fox, Universal, Paramount, Sony, Disney, Warner, MGM.ÂÂ Other studios offer just administrations and lease their premises for rent without their own creation and dispersion: for instance the well known Hollywood studio Raleigh.ÂÂ All those and others, whether or not they run in the creation of their own items or not, make them thing in like manner the ideal modern base.ã‚â History of formation of film industry in the USA and Creation of Hollywood The formation of film is viewed as the date of the principal open showcase of film of siblings Louis and Auguste Lumiere, on December 28, 1895. ÂÂ At that time Lumiã ¨re siblings indicated just their moving pictures in Paris Grand Cafe, and in the U.S. film industry was at that point a unique industry of entertainment.ÂÂ Thomas Alva Edison in 1891, introduced his film making camera and peep show the gadget that anticipated moving picture onto the screen.ÂÂ However, the screen size was somewhat bigger than a matchbox, however for brief crowd could see a moving picture.ÂÂ Two years after the fact, William ÂÂ Dickson, Edisons partner, fabricated first studio and started to make films that show up in film salons. Out of the blue peep show turned out to be extremely mainstream, perhaps on the grounds that it made the deception of a long excursion or visiting the theater, where various comedies or engaging stories were shown.ÂÂ From the creation of the Lumier e siblings, peeps contrasted uniquely by one thing the absence of a huge screen, that was revised by Edison in April 1896.ÂÂ Since at that point, the U.S. salons turned out to be genuine films. Why the film was so famous in the United States?ÂÂ In Europe movies and film were diversion for pretty much well off individuals, and in America they promptly opened up to the mass open. In 1908, Edison exposed to himself all organizations that utilized while film creation and appropriation his exclusive equipment.ÂÂ Everyone who needed to work in the field of cinematography, should make a charge, else he threatened to prosecute.ÂÂ To escape from the operators of Edison, William H. Zelig moved creation of his movies from Chicago to California, opening Hollywood studio.ÂÂ So did likewise Carl Lemmle, who moved his organization from the capital of film New York toward the West Coast. ( Bowser,ã‚â 1990, p. 160.) Film came in Hollywood in the individual of Colonel William H. Zelinga, who in the start of XX century purchased the land parcel in Wilcoxs region for a part of his Chicago creation organization. He acted altogether on lawful rights he had an official permit for the study hardware and moving duplicating movies.ÂÂ However, in 1907 in America broke the supposed patent war, the quintessence of which were debates about the responsibility for equipment.ÂÂ After that, the district of Los Angeles illegal to open in the city and its environs nickelodeons (semi-underground film, at the passage to which was taken a charge of five pennies, in English Ni, and Odeon is, where the taken motion pictures were appeared on unlicensed gear). Interestã‚â to the film in America advanced in corresponding with extraordinary colonization procedure of the nation with individuals everywhere throughout the world, who were the likely crowd. For instance, in 1907 just from Europe to America came to 1,285,000 individuals, who gave another and solid stimulus to the improvement of film. What's more, it were workers who became organizers of the countrys biggest film studios: Adolf Tsukor (Hungaryã‚â ), who started his vocation as a student at the furriers, established ÂÂ «ParamountÂÂ »; Charles Lemley (Germany) established the ÂÂ «UniversalÂÂ », Warner Brothers (Poland) established the ÂÂ «Warner Brosersã‚â », Louis B. Mayer (ÂÂ Russia, Belarus) established ÂÂ «Metro-Goldwin-Mayerã‚â ». (Scott, 2005) HOLLYWOOD - is a locale in Los Angeles, California, situated in northwest of downtown Los Angeles.ÂÂ It is well known as the chronicled focus of film studios and film stars.ã‚â The first studio in Quite a while established by Centaur Company, situated in New Jersey, that needed to shoot westerns in California.ÂÂ They leased a relinquished side of the road coffee shop at 6121 Sunset Boulevard at the side of Gower-road, and transformed it into the studio in October 1911, calling it Studio Nestor out of appreciation for the western part of the company.ÂÂ Later the structure became film lab in Hollywood, which is currently calledã‚â « Hollywood Digital Laboratory Ââ ».ã‚â ( Bowser, 1990) The primary component film made in the studio Hollywood, in 1914, was the film an Indian spouse, made by Cecil B. DeMille and Oscar Apfel.ÂÂ Feature films, made in Los Angeles before Indian Husband were the movies From Dusk Till Dawn (1913) and Sea Wolf (1913). (Bowser,ã‚â 1990, p. 160.) Hollywood had a great deal of points of interest: there was a ton of sun, spread out around the sublime view mountains, valleys, islands, lakes, sea shores, deserts, woods where it was conceivable to reproduce any character that goes ahead the planet.ÂÂ The land here is modest expense, around there were various work for development and upkeep of studios.ÂÂ By 1915 it was concentrated 60% of American filmmaking, and for the following five years, an arrangement of film studios, which permitted Hollywood to turn into a film capital of the world.ã‚â The word Hollywood is frequently utilized as the word film in the United States.ÂÂ Alias alludes to Tinseltown gleaming surface run of the mill of Hollywood and the film industry.ÂÂ Currently, the greater part of the business scattered in close by urban areas, for example, Burbank and the Los Angeles Westside, however such helper ventures like altering, impacts, props, after creation and lighting organizations, stay in Hollywood, just as for area shooting inÂÂ Paramount Pictures. In 1911 the organization Nestor Company opened in Hollywood at the edge of Sunset Boulevard and the lanes Gouner first studio.ÂÂ By 1920 years in Quite a while have opened, for example, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Paramount Pictures, Warner Brothers, Twentieth Century Fox, and Hollywood turned into the focal point of American cinema.ÂÂ The developing film industry require suitable infrastructure.ÂÂ In Hollywood, they manufactured homes for some, film organizations, representatives, opened a great deal of banks, eateries, clubs, cinemas.ÂÂ After World War II look of Hollywood by and by changed.ÂÂ Although most studios were in the Hollywood, numerous famous actors and Broadway have moved to Beverly Hills, was trailed by in vogue cafés and shops. Numerous notable Hollywood venues are utilized as spots of filmmaking and show settings in significant showy discharges and prime of the Academy of Awards.ã‚â All the time the idea of American Cinema and Hollywood unite.ÂÂ And this is a serious mix-up. American film it isn't just a gigantic Hollywood movie industry, yet additionally built up an arrangement of free cinema.ÂÂ This movie, delivered by lovers without the intercession of significant movie organizations, which they basically don't support.ÂÂ On the one hand, this implies littler spending plans, then again less weight on the directors.ÂÂ This movie is typically not rich, on the grounds that the makers of producers need to search for themselves (and regularly need to contribute and possess money).However, in the U.S. autonomous film is very popular.ÂÂ In expansion, it additionally earned overall acknowledgment, not simply winning on the worldwide kinokonkursah and celebrations, and has yielded various significant contemporary authors.ÂÂ Prominent agents of the advanced free American film are Woody Allen, John Malkovich, Michael Moore, Jim Jarmusch, Da vid Lynch, Joel and Ethan Coen. Filmmaking in Hollywood from the period of quiet film to the Golden Age of Hollywood Hollywood started his popularity in the period of quiet films.ÂÂ Although the movies of that time were appeared without sound, skilled chiefs and specialists had made them an exceptionally engaging spectacle.ÂÂ Films made during the quiet motion pictures time in Hollywood are among the best gems in film history.ÂÂ Although the executives of quiet movies frequently turned to utilizing titles that told the crowd significant data, yet the principle stake was done on the visual pictures, on the advancement of the plot, yet additionally in the exchange of contemplations and sentiments of characters.ÂÂ Of course, the crowd required chance to comprehend the language of the Great Silent, butã‚â soon it turned out to be extremely effective. (Koszarski, 1990) Making of highlight films in 1920 was exceptionally troublesome. While the arrangement of studios offered little open door for articulations of specialists, it in any case had created a ton of capable filmmakers.ÂÂ Some of them, for example, John Ford or King Vidor, had assumed a conspicuous position in the history, others, similar to James Cruz, Rex Ingram, Lewis

Comparison Essay

Examination Essay Examination Essay Examination Essay ‘Disabled’ by Wilfred Owen and ‘Out Out’ by Robert Frost ‘Disabled’ by Wilfred Owen is about the subject of war and a youngster joining the military, uninformed of the outcomes that would follow. Owen depicts the abhorrent real factors of what war holds, utilizing a scope of realistic pictures which stick in the reader’s mind. ‘Out Out’ by Robert Frost is about a little youngster who unintentionally cuts his hand off with a saw while being occupied by his sister on a homestead in America. Ice recently lived on a homestead; this possibly depends by implication on the enduring of men in the war. We would already be able to see the two sonnets contain wounds which are portrayed plainly, and the two sonnets as of now have the subject of death. We can likewise observe that one sonnet is set in war time though the other is determined to a homestead in America. Beginning of the sonnet Owen recommends the sentiment of misery with a serious, discouraging and desolate climate of â€Å"boys voices† that â€Å"rang disheartening like a hymn† while the character himself â€Å"shivered in his loathsome suit of grey†. Owen additionally recommends this trouble by making compassion towards the character by differentiating life when the war. Furthermore, he includes the possibility that war is dishonorable as Owen differentiates the generalizations of war, the character had at first through posting the â€Å"jewelled handles for knifes in plaid socks; of savvy salutes, Esprit de corps† to connote that war is something contrary to his underlying idea. Misery is likewise made through the acknowledgment that the character had himself â€Å"threw away his knees† †which shows that he is capable and he knows it and is living with this awful and discouraging inclination that it was his deficiency. Owen’s ‘ Disabled’, like Frost’s ‘Out Out’ likewise depicts the subject of disappointment yet it is obviously progressively visit in ‘Out Out’. In ‘Disabled’ Owen depicts the character’s lament by for the most part differentiating when the person’s life. Anyway the lament that is appeared in the sonnet is fundamentally how the character is disillusioned with himself for allowing it to occur, he laments the inept reasons that made him join war, he additionally laments how he attempted to intrigue the â€Å"giddy jilts† the young ladies of low an incentive as opposed to pondering his life and the perils he was putting himself under. The sonnet can be very incredible in how the character records every one of his reasons and considerations on war, some he was unable to try and recollect obviously as he â€Å"wonders why he asked to join† demonstrating to himself that his reasons were inept and confused, as he canâ⠂¬â„¢t recall. In the section there are a great deal of stops to hinder the concentrate appearing differently in relation to how he additionally recorded the choices he took too quick which could show that he has now developed and developed as an individual, he has laments as he has the opportunity to thoroughly consider. Notwithstanding how he â€Å"poured it down shell openings till veins ran dry†, ‘it’, which is his energy and his shading, his life as a youngster, Owen portrays as â€Å"half his life† had been squandered in the â€Å"hot race† in light of the fact that now the character needs to spend â€Å"a not many debilitated a long time in establishments, disconnected from the network and that of his past†. Again a feeling of pity is created by the manner in which he is dealt with now from his companions and network just as how this had appear differently in relation to how he was treated before when he was youthful and mainstream and in spite of the fact that the character is as yet youthful, he has just had incredible injury and occasions that no man of his age ought to ever experience, as is in the sonnet from the way that Owen states â€Å"Now, he is old, He’s lost his shading a long way from here - and a large portion of his lifetime passed in the hot race and jump of purple erupted from his thigh†. In the third refrain there is a sickening picture, there is additionally additional proof that not just has the character matured in his mind, yet he has likewise matured genuinely as â€Å"his back will never brace†, another condition for the older and not for a youngster wherein is seemingly his prime. This is likewise unexpected as he did this to himself, it makes this significantly progressively lamentable as it were that it was his

Group Dynamics Essay

‘Hundreds of fish swimming together is known as a school. A pack of rummaging monkeys is a troupe. About six crows on a phone wire is a homicide. A gam is a gathering of whales. Be that as it may, what is an assortment of individuals called? A group’. (Forsyth, 2006 P.2) A gathering can comprise of at least two individuals associating. Bruce Tuckman and Meredith Belbin both formulated hypotheses identifying with the collaborations and elements of gatherings, while Tuckman focused on the gathering overall, Belbin concentrated on the jobs people played inside a gathering. ‘For hundreds of years, sages and researchers have been entranced by bunches †by the manner in which they structure, change after some time, scatter out of the blue, accomplish extraordinary objectives, and once in a while submit incredible wrongs’ (Forsyth, 2006 P.2) While foundations of gathering elements return to the late 1800s, bunch elements picked up unmistakable quality as a fiel d of study in the mid 1940s. ‘During World War II, Americans required a superior comprehension of how vote based associations could be made to work more effectively.’ (Levine, R. Rodreges, A. Zelezny, L. 2008 p.1). Tuckman accepted that a gathering traveled through a few phases which he alluded to as; framing, raging, norming, performing and deferring. Framing, he felt, was the underlying establishing of the gathering when there was a high reliance on a pioneer for direction and bearing, while raging was the time of changing and adjusting to assemble jobs and elements where colleagues compete for position as they endeavor to build up themselves comparable to other colleagues, the norming stage he accepted was when everybody had discovered their place inside the gathering, which was when performing would begin to occur and in conclusion deferring, when the gathering at last dispersed. Though, Belbin concentrated on every person inside a gathering/group and the job they played ‘A group isn't a lot of individuals with work titles, yet an assemblage of people, every one of whom has a job which is comprehended by different individuals. Individuals from a group search out specific jobs and they perform most viably during the ones that are generally normal to them’(Belbin, 2014, p1). Belbin accepted that there were nine job types spilt into 3 classes cerebral, activity orientated and individuals orientated. In the main class he set plant, expert and screen evaluator. In the second classification he put implementer, shaperâ and completer finisher and in the last class he assembled group laborer, co-ordinator and asset examiner accepting that every individual in the gathering would fit into or relate to at least one jobs. He concocted ‘The Belbin Test’ in which is a progression of proclamations gathered into classes and a focuses framework which will figure out which of the nine job types individuals doing the test would fit into. While finishing ‘The Belbin Test’ myself, utilizing the two gatherings I am separated of (the bigger directing gathering and the little research bunch that we were part into for this units task) I developed as a ME (Monitor Evaluator). As indicated by Belbin the qualities for this job are; calm, dispassionate and judicious and I would concur with reasonable and calm in any case, I would firmly differ with apathetic in spite of the fact that, I do feel that in specific circumstances I can isolate feeling, conduct thus I can remain once again from crude feeling. They are moderate deciders who weigh up the advantages and disadvantages of choices which depict me well overall. He discusses the qualities of a Monitor Evaluator’s qualities as being-judgment, tact and tenacity, the last mentioned, concerning me, I would differ with. Belbin additionally believed that their suitable shortcomings were, absence of motivation or the capacity to rouse others, which I feel from doing the examination task I have found out about myself. Though, in Tuckman’s ‘Teamwork Survey’ our examination bunch scored as follows; 23 froming,20 raging, 16 norming and 19 performing, which as indicated by Tuckman our group is still in the shaping stage yet he felt that on the off chance that the scores were all decently lose together, at that point the gathering has no away from of the manner in which the group works. In light of this I would state that from my point of view that Tuckman is right since I feel that we weren’t a group by any means, we didn’t truly cooperate. One contributing component I feel was that one individual from our gathering was missing for the main meeting and was additionally missing for the initial segment of the accompanying meeting and another individual from the gathering wen t for a brief break leaving two of us to examine what we would do. I felt now that we were burning through important time since choices couldn’t be made without others present. There was no arrangement or genuine conversation, the most vocal of our gathering chose what she would do and inquired as to whether there were any complaints and I had just examined where my qualities lay and chose to voice that assessment as well and albeit another part likewise communicated an intrigue, I concluded that I would judiciously push forâ the undertaking of planning the PowerPoint slides. All things considered, when the names were being drawn out of a cap so as to settle on individuals for the examination gatherings, I felt genuinely apprehensive in light of the fact that there were two individuals from the gathering that, given a decision, I wouldn’t have decided to work with, one since I have had the least social collaboration with up until this point and the other in light of the fact that I discover her somewhat tyrannical in her mien, in spite of the fact that I do feel that her way perhaps because of frailty as opposed to disregard. There are a wide range of sorts of gatherings, for example, arranged gatherings, which are purposely framed, created bunches for example military units or sports groups, established gatherings for example, study gatherings or clubs, rising gatherings, for example, smoking gatherings, fortuitous gatherings for instance crowds or groups and self-arranging bunches for example, normal clients in a bar or companionship inner circles in the working environment. Gatherings can be united for a wide range of reasons which can be part into four classifications, closeness gatherings (families), task gatherings (groups), frail affiliations (groups) and social classes (ladies or specialists and so on.) There are thirteen individuals in our understudy gathering, including eleven females and two guys and the one thing we as a whole share for all intents and purpose is our objective of arriving at the finish of the multi year course which will empower us to fill in as qualified advisors. There are additionally numerous different similitudes yet there are likewise numerous distinctions. In treatment ‘early types of gathering work were spearheaded by Moreno with psychodrama, by Lewin through his development of T-groups’ and by Bion in his psychoanalytic groups.’ (McLeod 1993, p.445) Carl Rogers begat the term, ‘The Basic Encounter’ Group to distinguish bunches that worked on the standards of the individual focused metho dology. ‘The Basic Encounter Group is very extraordinary and, truth be told, offers an alternate worldview for bunch therapy.’ (The Basic Encounter Group 2014) Also, in 1968 Carl Rogers, alongside Richard Farson, partook in a contacting narrative/film of an experience gathering, in which eight outsiders were united in a room and allowed to investigate their inward musings feeling transparently which was encouraged by Rogers and Farson. In the wake of viewing the video and request to get a kind of how it felt to be a piece of an experience gathering, our directing gathering set up an experience bunch meeting where anybody could offer an idea or feeling they had about an issue that they didn’t mind unveiling to the remainder of the gathering and different individuals could participate or simply watch. For me it felt both heart-warmingâ and disappointing. Inspiring on the grounds that it felt as though there was an aggregate cognizance and certifiable warmth towards one another, anyway there were times when I felt as though a couple of individuals were beginning to offer guidance which I discovered baffling in light of the fact that I felt as though they were attempting to save individuals as opposed to tuning in without judgment. Despite the fact that there are numerous preferences of working in bunches restoratively, for example, a sentiment of shared encounters and solidarity, a feeling of help and social angles (meeting new individuals) there are likewise impediments, for example, issues around classification, worries around feelings or individuals turning crazy and affections for certain individuals of defenselessness among others. In the huge advising gathering, in spite of the fact that I would depict myself as a loner I don’t feel that I am excessively tranquil and I wouldn’t portray myself as modest I feel that I add to the gathering and I unquestionably feel as though I am a principal individual from the gathering. If I somehow happened to dissect my role(s) inside the gathering as per Belbin, I would state that I am ‘Monitor Evaluator’ and a ‘Team Worker’ in light of the fact that I gauge things up before settling on a choice and take a gander at all the choic es and I am keen on different people groups perspective just as making a decent attempt to be as adaptable as could be expected under the circumstances yet the drawback to that will be that I think that its difficult to persuade others and have incredible trouble settling on a snappy choice. In any case, in the exploration bunch I feel that I took to a greater degree a predominant job in light of the fact that there was no normal head/coordinator so in the wake of understanding that I just normally began to make proposals and ask assessments. As I would see it I would concur with my outcomes (while doing the Belbin trial) of Monitor Evaluator and in the event that I needed to speculate the jobs the other three individuals from our exploration bunch as per this test, I would state that LK was a ‘Implementer’ in light of the fact that she was trained, dependable, moderate and proficient however DJ assumed the job of ‘Team Worker’ on the grounds that he was co-usable, mellow insightful and political, though LE’s job, as I would see it, was ‘Resource Investigator’ on the grounds that she is outgoing person, eager and informative. The introduction I felt met up genuinely well, despite the fact that I feel it could have been mo

Taking a Look at Cyber Crime - 624 Words

Cyber crime is a term used to describe the various forms of crimes committed through the computer and networks. Once the two are connected, it paves way for crimes to be committed easily and at a faster rate an act which sometimes is referred to as hacking. Cyber crime also includes crimes committed through the internet such as internet fraud, identity theft, passing of illegal information either through pictures, videos or messages. These acts intentionally harm the reputation of an individual by directly or indirectly causing mental or physical damage. It has been noted that cybercrime is growing at a faster rate due to the diversity of modern technology and expertise in the field of technological engineering. The global environment in which the internet is built in has allowed significant thresholds of increased criminal activities that are internet related. One of the major concerns is the rise of terrorism activities conducted through the internet causing a state of fear and dis trust within national and international security. Cyber related crimes pose a great challenge in economies of both developed and developing states in the essence that it is known to threaten the financial health. Large amounts of money is lost annually due to cases of online theft or hacking the systems by changing key policies and commands that govern the operating systems and programs in use. Cybercrime can be committed by both governmental and non-state actors, itShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Cyber Crime680 Words   |  3 Pagesnature of the tool used in committing the crime (Hull and Sivanesar, 2013, p 98). Computer users across the globe are facing threat, due to the rise in cases of cyber crime, and this is necessitating the intervention of the government through enactment of policies that govern the usage of computer technology. 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Human Resource Management Essay - 1085 Words

Human Resource Management involves a wide array of functions that encompasses the time from when an employee enters an organization to the time the employee leaves the organization. The specific activities that are involved in HRM include job design and analysis, recruitment, orientation and placement, development and training of the personnel, employee remuneration, and performance appraisal (Aswathappa, 2007: 5). This paper shall focus on three main activities which are recruitment, training, and personnel development. When it comes to recruitment, it is incumbent upon the Human Resource Manager to bring into the workforce, employees that are both wiling and competent to accomplish specific tasks. The work of recruitment goes hand in†¦show more content†¦In addition, the employment process requires effective communication in terms of the messages to post via advertisements. This is because potential candidates will be attracted by the content of the messages displayed thr ough the adverts. In light of the current technological advancements such as the Internet and social networks, human resource managers would want to utilize such channels to reach many potential candidates across the globe (Lugonja, 2011: 2). This calls for flexibility and willingness to invest in technology where adequate efforts have not been made. However, a multidimensional approach would work better since not all people can access the Internet. In a nutshell, the process of selection and recruitment involves looking for and motivating prospective employees to apply for available job posts. Being a negative process, selection entails scrutinizing the qualifications of candidates that have applied in order to choose only the best applicants for various jobs (Sharma, Khurana, Khurana, 2009: 17). When the process of recruitment is complete, the next tasks involve developing the personnel through exposure and training. The process of training and personnel development has the objective of enabling the employees to develop necessary skills for optimal performance of their respective roles. Therefore, the human resource development manager has to come up with effective schedules for training and developing the newly recruitedShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1140 Words   |  5 Pagesa business efficiently? Human Resource Management (HRM). Human Resources is the solid foundation that practically oversees the entire organization, whether its managing employees to surveilling the progress of every single department. There are six principle functions that Human Resource take into account: employee relations, recruitment, compliance, compensation and benefits, training and development, and safety (policies/regulations). 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Valuable decisions such as whom to recruit, what package to offer, the training necessary for the new recruits and how to assess employee performance directly affects the employee motivation and as such do affect the ability of the employee to provide products which the consumersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management95 8 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Overview As we all know when it comes to every business and organization that is out there, they all need help from Human Resources to continue to help the company grow. What is human resource management? Well Human Resource Management is the overall process that deals with how Human Resources manages their employees as well as different issues that can come across within the organization. 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Many people questioned and often said â€Å"Why human resource management?† My answer, I chose human resource managers because I believe they are a vital part of a hospitals success. They make the plans, they direct the staff and they coordinate how people work together and where they need to be. Throughout this paper , I will describe human resource managers- what they do, what are the requirements

What Does Mental Illness Look Like - 1781 Words

What does mental illness look like? Is it the â€Å"weird† kid at school that everyone bullies? Or maybe the latest hair-raising movie about a psycho killer? Mental illness is constantly construed and made to seem dangerous, unnatural, and sickening. Mental illness, as defined by Mayo Clinic, is simply a â€Å"disorder that affects your mood, thinking, and behavior†(Hall-Flavin). These people, who live with mental health issues, including one out of ten teens and one out of five adults, are often treated as if they are outcasts or different(Mental Health Myths and Facts.). From uncharged jailing to not being able to choose what is best for them to plain everyday interaction, persons with mental illness are ostracized and treated unfairly. As a†¦show more content†¦One change that needs to be made for the imprisoned with mental illnesses is to include a mental health wing in our jails. Along with a separate wing, the officers of the institution would need proper training in understanding and helping people who are mentally ill. Similar to this, a prison in Indiana partnered with the Indiana chapter of the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) to test a mental illness training routine for the officers of the prisons control unit (). The officers completed a ten hour training schedule over the course of five weeks and were monitored after it was completed for nine months(). The study shows that in the nine months after the training the number of occasions where the officers used force against the inmates and the inmates retaliation deceased considerably(). This proves having officers receive minimal mental health training would lead them to understand why these persons might act out and how to prevent it. It would also improve the inmates quality of life by being understood and greatly enhance the state of mind of these casualties of the system. 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Local Government Organizations and Individuals

Question: Discuss about theLocal Governmentfor Organizations and Individuals. Answer: Use of Social Media in the Local Government Social media gives organizations and individuals the opportunity to communicate using internet based tools. This is because social media can easily be accessible through computers, tablets as well as other mobile devices thereby depicting that individuals can communicate with each other, including the government and in real time from anywhere around the world. Additionally, social media enables individuals to communicate by interacting and sharing content that is in the form of audio, pictures, words or video. Different new devices and additional social media tools are constantly changing and evolving thereby increasing functionality to their users. This paper provides an investigative report on the use of social media strategies, and tactics are assisting or hindering public relations efforts in local governments (Ananda, 2007). Impact of Social Media Strategies in the Local Government The impact of social media on the enhancement of internal efficiency in public relations has been shown to have positive outcomes in Australia. Mobile technologies have reduced the transaction costs of many public relations efforts in terms of both the response time and cost. According to Pasco ET al., (2014), by ensuring that some of the documents that may be needed by the public are provided online or through some social media platforms, there is an increased efficiency by reducing access and search costs. Social media has the capability to improve the effectiveness of local councils since they can target more persons in the community who are fascinated in a particular service. The ability of different social media platforms to embed links to a council website can save the public time while they are searching for information online. This is because service quality is improved by the accurate, consistent and timely information to people (Bradford Fraser, 2008). As more people continue to adopt social media, there is a need for local governments to be aware of the trends in communication so that they do not lag behind. Many people are using social media to send messages. This means that social media platforms are becoming an accepted channel of communication and as such it is up to the local establishments to decide on the channel that they want to use and the appropriateness of that channel. A recent survey of almost 80 councils in the United Kingdom found that 97% of councils were using Twitter, 93 % using Facebook and almost 50% of all the councils had a YouTube account. In Australia however, the numbers have not reached the high percentages as those of the UK. This may be attributed to several factors. One of the key factors is that Australia is slowly shifting towards the concept of a transparent and open governance that relies heavily on a two-way communication model that is between the government and its citizens. One of the key ways that the local councils in Australia are trying to implement is the use of smartphone applications for apps as they are commonly known. Through these applications, the local authorities in Australia can, therefore, provide content creation, social networking platforms, weblogs, and sharing tools that allow for a bidirectional information exchange system within the interactions that the government has with the citizens and government organizations (Ellison and Hardey, 2013). The local governments can also come up with different strategies in the media communications and public relations initiatives since they can be able to ensure that the communications from certain social media platforms are safe and that the information that they post on their platforms are true and in real time. it is also vital to note and address the various differences that leadership can have in the use of social media strategies in that some leaders may want to steer their local authorities or constrain some of the social media as part of an engagement process that they need with their communities and in some instances stakeholders. However, depending on the spectrum that one may find themselves in, it is what the local authority wants that will focus strongly on the choice of social media platform that they will choose, the policies, tools, programs, and strategies. What is, however, clear is that most of the local authorities in Australia do not have the luxury to continue ign oring the use of social media platforms as some of their communication channels. There are abundant ways in which they can address and utilize social media in their platforms for policy development and implementation in Australia (Hall, 2014). Challenges Facing Local Governments in Public Relations Efforts in Regards to Social Media Many local government councils have identified various challenges that they need to overcome in the bid to start or adopt strategically social media in their public relations efforts. Some of the local councils that are not using social media platforms indicated their concerns about the risks that they may encounter through the use of social media. Some of the risks include the high potential of individuals to post negative comments about the council, the fear of losing control of the intended message that they want to pass across along with the information technology concerns that they have to deal with around the security and information management protocols (Whittaker, 2015). Furthermore, there is an added concern that some of the staff members may not be in a position to use the social media tools effectively in that they may use the social media platforms to make insensitive comments and may divulge information that is confidential. The other major concern includes issues regarding resourcing and especially around the potential for an increased workload pressures on employees while monitoring, record keeping issues as well as fears of litigation. Some of the local governments do not feel that they have the adequate information about social media to be able to launch and use the different platforms properly (Siva rajah, IraniWeerakkody, 2015). Another major challenge that some of the local government councils still face is the possibility of raising the expectations of the community and not being able to meet them. Additionally, some of the local councils that cover rural, remote and indigenous communities may face challenges that are unique to their area that may not be experienced by communities that live in big Australian cities. According to Besley, McComas Waks (2006), some of these challenges may include accessibility especially in regard to high speed internet connectivity, language barrier in that there are communities that may not be in a position to communicate in English, digital literacy, abuse of social media (overuse in the workplace, the requirements placed so as to comply with government policies, governance, cost of development, security and community tensions. Recommendations/Suggestions The local governments need to create a greater awareness and comprehension of the use and application of social media for instance by ensuring that they develop online knowledge exchange networks. The local government in partnership with the federal government and peak bodies to ensure that they build capability in social media. This may include executive staff members, elected members whose main job is the coordination of services delivery and in key decision-making concerns about how the different social media strategies would be applied. Research and identify areas whereby social media can be used by local authorities to drive innovation in Australia. Investigate the possibility of the establishment of a national prize or award for the innovative use and other inventive use of social media by local governments in Australia. Bibliography Siva rajah, U, Irani, Z, Weerakkody, V 2015, 'Evaluating the use and impact of Web 2.0 technologies in local government',Government Information Quarterly, 32, 4, pp. 473-487, Library, Information Science Technology Abstracts, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Besley, J, McComas, K, Waks, L 2006, 'Media use and the Percieved justice of Local Science Authorities', Journalism Mass Communication Quarterly, 83, 4, pp. 801-818, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Whittaker, A 2015, 'Media debates and ethical publicity on social sex selection through preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) technology in Australia',Culture, Health Sexuality, 17, 8, pp. 962-976, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Ellison, N, Hardey, M 2013, 'Developing Polictical Conversations?',Information, Communication Society, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 878- 898. Available from: 10.1080/1369118X.2012.740495. [14 September 2016]. Pasco, G, Clark, B, Dragan, I, Kalambayi, F, Slonims, V, Tarpan, A, Wittemeyer, K 2014, 'A Training and Development Project to Improve Services and Opportunities for Social Inclusion for Children and Young People with Autism in Romania',Autism: The International Journal Of Research And Practice, 18, 7, pp. 827-831, ERIC, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Bradford, J, Fraser, E 2008, 'Local authorities, climate change and small and medium enterprises: identifying effective policy instruments to reduce energy use and carbon emissions',Corporate Social Responsibility Environmental Management, 15, 3, pp. 156-172, GreenFILE, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Ananda, J 2007, 'Implementing Participatory Decision Making in Forest Planning',Environmental Management, 39, 4, pp. 534-544, GreenFILE, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016. Hall, NL 2014, 'Can the Social Licence to Operate Concept Enhance Engagement and Increase Acceptance of Renewable Energy? A Case Study of Wind Farms in Australia',Social Epistemology, 28, 3/4, pp. 219-238, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 September 2016.